pusqk pVcol

dovyN pwCmI aqy pUrbI pÀjfb vÀz smyN do vwK-vwK dyÈF pfiksqfn aqy ihMdosqfn ivc cly gey. ies nfl pÀjfb vI vMizaf igaf. vMz qoN pihlF pÀjfb dy ivkfs df afriQk vhfa kyNdrI pÀjfb vwl ƒ sI. ies dy pRqIk do pRmuwK Èihr sn. lfhOr rfjnIqk aqy swiBafcfr df kyNdr aqy aÀimRqsr vpfr qy AudXog df kyNdr. vMz dI lkIr ny ies vhfa ƒ rok idwqf, ikAuNik hux ieh dovyN Èihr srhwdI Èihr bx gey sn. ies nfl dovF pÀjfbF dI qrwkI dI idÈf bdl geI aqy ivkfs dI iKwc pÀjfb qoN bfhr vwzy ÈihrF vwl ho geI. ies gYr-kudrqI lkIr ny pÀjfb dI afriQkqf ƒ KyqIbfVI qoN AudXoigk afriQkqf ivc qbdIl hox ƒ kfPI smyN leI ipwCy pf idwqf. dovyN pÀjfb awj hry ienklfb qoN bfad vI KyqI pRDfn sUby hI jfxy jFdy hn. roËgfr dy loNVINdy vsIly Gwt pYdf hox kfrn dovF pÀjfbF qoN nOjvfn vwzI igxqI ivc pwCmI aqy arb dyÈF ivc plfien krn leI mjbUr hn. dovF pÀjfbF dI sFJ ny afriQk vhfa qy ivkfs dI tuwtI-BwjI idÈf ƒ TIk krnf hY aqy sfbq pÀjfb dy afriQk ivkfs ƒ atuwt ivkfs ivc qbdIl krnf hY.
pwCmI aqy pUrbI pÀjfb isMD diraf aqy ies dIaF shfiek ndIaF vwloN bxfey gey aqy awj ienHF dy pfxI qoN isMcfeI dI shUlq mfxdy mYdfnI ielfky df nFa hY. iewQoN dy lok pÀjfbI boldy hn aqy AunHF dy rihx sihx df qrIkf iewko ijhf hY. sFJf ieiqhfs hY aqy ies dy kyNdr ivc visaf hoieaf lfhOr Èihr hY. ies ielfky ƒ vsfAux aqy ies dy ivkfs ivc sfzy puriKaF ny anykF GflxfvF GflIaF hn. ies ƒ AupjfAU bxfAux vfsqy nihrF df jfl ivCfieaf igaf aqy ieh dunIaf dy sB qoN vwD AupjfAU mYdfnF ivcoN jfixaf jFdf hY, pr vMz ny ies dy ivkfs dI kudrqI pRikiraf ivc rok lgf idqI aqy afriQk pwKoN ieh Aus tIsI `qy nhIN phuMc sikaf, ijs dIaF sMBfvnfvF ies ielfky ivc awj vI mOjUd hn. dovF pÀjfbF dI afpsI sFJ aqy imlvrqx nfl ienHF sMBfvnfvF ƒ aslIaq ivc qbdIl kIqf jf skdf hY. do dyÈ aqy AunHF dy pÀjfb nFa dy do sUby afpxI awz isafsI hoNd rwK ky dovyN sUby kI afriQk sFJ aqy imlvrqx nfl ivkfs dIaF aDUrIaF rhIaF sMBfvnfvF ƒ pUrf kr skdy hn? ies df jvfb KyqrI imlvrqx aqy eykIkrx dy isDFq qoN imldf hY.
ies isDFq anusfr iewk Kyqr dy vwK-vwK dyÈ afps ivc keI qrHF df imlvrqx vDf ky ivkfs dIaF sMBfvnfvF ƒ pUrf kr skdy hn. 1950 ivc ilKI aqy bhu-cricq ikqfb ‘id kstmË XUnIan ieÈU’ ivc amrIkn arQ-ÈfsqrI jYkb vfeInr vwloN ies gwl df Kulfsf pUrI qPsIl nfl kIqf igaf hY. kstmË XUnIan df mqlb hY ik do jF ies qoN vwD dyÈ afpxI kstmË XUnIan bxf lYNdy hn. afpsI vpfr ivc iewk-dUjy iKlfP kstmË izAUtI Kqm kr idMdy hn aqy XUnIan qoN bfhr dyÈF dy iKlfP iewko ijhI kstnË izAUtI inrfDrq kr idMdy hn. ies nfl kstmË XUnIan dy mYNbrF dy afpsI vpfr aqy kul vpfr ivc vfDy ƒ do ihwisaF ivc vMizaf jf skdf hY: (1) vpfr df moV aqy (2) vpfr dI pYdfieÈ. vpfr dy moV qoN Bfv hY ik gYr-XUnIan (kstmË) mYNbrF qoN vpfr muV ky XUnIan mYNbrF ivc vwD hox lwg pYNdf hY. ies df kfrn hY ik mYbrF dy ivcfly kstmË izAUtI Kqm kr idwqI jFdI hY, jdoN ik gYr-XUnIan mYbrF dy ivcfly kstmË izAUtI inrDfirq kr idwqI jFdI hY. ies krky XUnIan mYNbrF dIaF vsqF gYr-XUnIan dyÈF dIaF vsqF mihMgIaF lwgx kfrn Gwt KrIdIaF jFdIaf hn. vpfr dI pYdfieÈ df arQ nvyN vpfr df pYdf hoxf. jdoN XUnIan mYNbr afps ivc kstmË izAUtI Kqm kr idMdy hn, ies nfl vfpsI vpfr dIaF vsqF ssqIaF ho jFdIaf hn ies krky ienHF dI mMg vwD jFdI hy aqy dyÈF ivc vpfr dI imkdfr pihlF nfloN vwD ho jFdI hY. vpfr dI imkdfr vDx nfl ienHF vsqF dy Auqpfdk pihlF qoN vwD vsqF pYdf krn lwg pYNdy hn. ies nfl AunHF ƒ Auqpfdn dy pYmfny dIaF kPfieqF pRfpq ho jFdIaF hn. ies nfl XUnIan mYNbr dyÈF ivc srmfieafkfrI vD jFdI hY aqy Auqpfdn aqy roËgfr hor vwD jFdy hn.
vfeInr ny vpfr dy moV ƒ hfnIkfrk aqy vpfr dI pYdfieÈ ƒ PfiedymMd dwisaf sI. brqfnIaF dy pRiswD arQ-ÈfsqrI afr ilpsI vloN jnvrI 1957 ivc iewk Koj pwqr ‘ieknfmIkf’ nFa dy rsfly ivc Cfipaf igaf. ies ivc Aus ny ieh sfbq kr idwqf ik vpfr df moV hmyÈf hfnIkfrk nhIN huMdf. bhuq vfrI aqy keI hflqF ivc ieh vI lfBkfrI hI huMdf aqy ies nfl smfijk kilafx ivc vfDf ho skdf hY. ies qoN bfad arQ-ÈfsqIaF dy BfeIcfry ivc KyqrI eykIkrx aqy sihXog bfry lwgBwg iewk sihmqI ho geI ik ies nfl dyÈF ƒ Pfiedf hI huMdf hY. gqIhIx hflqF ivc vfpsI sihXog qoN hox vfly lfBF dy nfl-nfl gqIÈIl hflqF ivc afpsI sihXog dy kfPI lfB hn. ienHF ivc qknIk df vtFdrf, sFJy qOr `qy nvIaF KojF ivc sihXog, sfDnF dy iekwTy lgfAux nfl pYmfny dIaF kPfieqF df pRfpq hoxf, Auqpfdx dy ZFcy ivc mukfblqn Gwt lfgqF dy isDFq anusfr qbdIlI aqy muhfrq, vsqUaF dI mMzI aqy sfDnF dI Gft-vfD kfrn afey ivgfVF ƒ dUr krnf afid gqIÈIl lfBF ivc afAuNdy hn. afpsI kuVwqxf aqy KihbfËI Gtx nfl POjF aqy surwiKaf dsiqaF `qy byloVf aqy gYr-Auqpfdn Krc Gt jFdf hY aqy ieh pYsf dyÈ ivc ivwidaf aqy ishq shUlqF dy psfry aqy grIbI dy Kfqmy vfsqy skImF AuWpr Krc kIqf jf skdf hY. KyqrI eykIkrn aqy sihXog iqMn rUpF ivc ho skdy hn:
? KuwlHf jF mukq vpfr Kyqr
? kstmË XUnIan
? sFJI mMzI
KuwlyH jF mukq vpfr Kyqr qoN Bfv hY ik do jF ies qoN vwD dyÈ afps ivc vpfr qoN kstm izAUtI Kqm kr idMdy hn, pr afpxI mrËI anusfr dUjy dyÈF dy iKlfP kstm izAUtI lgf idMdy hn. kstm XUnIan ivc mYNbr afps ivc kstm izAUtI Kqm krn dy nfl-nfl iewk sFJI kstm izAUtI dUjy dyÈF dy iKlfP inrDfrq kr idMdy hn. sFJI mMzI ivc dyÈ kstmË XUnIan qoN awgy iewk hor isPqI qbdIlI ieh krdy hn ik vsqF dy KuwlHy vpfr aqy hornF dyÈF dy iKlfP sFJI kstm izAUtI rwKdy hoey Auqpffdn dy sfDnF (srmfey aqy ikrqIaF) ƒ vI bgYr rok-tok iewk dyÈ qoN dUjy dyÈ ivc afAux-jfx qoN sfrIaF rokF (smyq pfsport aqy vIËf) htf idMdy hn.
ies vkq ivÈv dy keI ielfikaF ivc KuwlHf jF mukq vpfr dy Kyqr hn. ies ivc pRmuwK qOr `qy AuWqrI amrIkf PrI tryz eyrIaf (ijs ivc kYnyzf, XU aYWs ey aqy mYksIko Èfml hn) afAuNdf hY. sFJI mMzI dI sB qoN vwzI aqy kfmXfb imsfl XUrpIn XUnIan dI hY. ies vyly igxqI dy kuJ dyÈF ƒ Cwz ky XUrp dy bfkI sfry dyÈ ies dy mYNbr bx cuwky hn. ies nfl XUrpIn XUnIan ivÈv df sB qoN vwzf afriQk Kyqr bx cuwkf hY. ies XUnIan dy mYNbr dyÈF dy lok bgYr vIËy dy sfry dyÈF ivc af-jf skdy hn. vsqF aqy srmfieaf vI iewk dyÈ qoN dUjy dyÈ ivc bgYr rok-tok af-jf skdf hY. ies XUnIan bxn nfl XUrp dy dyÈF ivc kuVwqx, KihbfËI aqy duÈmxI df dOr Kqm ho ky afpsI imlvrqx aqy sihXog dy dOr ÈurU ho cuwky hn. KyqrI eykIkrx aqy sihXog dy isDFq dI loa aqy XUrpIn eykIkrx dy qjrby qoN sbk iswKdy hoey dovyN pÀjfbF ivc afpsI sihXog dI sfriQkqf ƒ TIk mMndy hoey dovF pÀjfbF ivc afriQk sihXog vDfAux vfsqy kuJ muwidaF `qy gwl ho skdI hY.
1. sFJ dy Kyqr aqy sMBfvnfvF: dovF pÀjfbF ivc afpsI sihXog vDfAux aqy afpsI Pfiedy dy KyqrF aqy sihXog dIaF sMBfvnfvF dI inÈfndyhI krnI bhuq ËrUrI hY. ies sMbMD ivc kuJ ivdvfnF vwloN koiÈÈF vI kIqIaF geIaF hn.vpfr aqy afpsI sihXog vDfAux vfsqy sB qoN muwZlf kMm afpsI vpfr ƒ ÈurU krnf huMdf hY, ies dIaF kfPI sMBfvnfvF mOjUd hn. jykr vfGf aqy husYnIvflf bfrzr vsqF dy vpfr leI KolH idwqy jfx, qF kfPI vsqF aYsIaF hn, ijhVIaF pUrbI pÀjfb qoN pwCmI pÀjfb ivc af skdIaF hn. ies vpfr dy KuwlHx nfl dovF pÀjfbF dy KpqkfrF ƒ mOjUdf kImqF qoN ssqIaF vsqF pRfpq ho skxgIaF. dUjy pfsy AuqpfdkF ƒ ienHF vsqF dI mMzI iml skygI aqy Auh PfirdymMd Bfa `qy afpxIaF vsqUaF vyc skxgy. ieh Pfiedf Zoaf-ZuafeI dy sfDnF qy Krc dI bwcq nfl hor vD jfvygf. mOjUdf vpfr pRbMD ivc pwCm ivc pwCmI pÀjfb qoN vsqF krfcI bMdrgfh `qy phuMcfeIaF jFdIaF hn, ijwQoN smuMdrI jhfËF rfhIN muMbeI jF kfzlf bMdrgfh `qy phuMcfeIaF hn aqy Pyr ryl jF sVk rfhIN pUrbI pÀjfb ivc phuMcdIaF hn. pUrbI pÀjfb qoN ieh vsqF iesy rUt rfhIN pÀjfb qoN kFzlf jF muMbeI bMdrgfh `qy phuMcdIaF hn aqy iewQoN smuMdrI jhfËF rfhIN krfcI qoN ryl jF sVk rfhIN pwCmI pÀjfb ivc phuMcdIaF hn. ies AuWpr Zoaf-ZuafeI `qy kfPI Krc hox qoN ielfvf smF vI kfPI lwg jFdf hY. keI vfrI ieh smF keI mhIinaF qwk phuMc jFdf hY.
ies sMbMD ivc pÀjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf dy zf[ rxjIq isMG GuMmx vwloN kuJ aƒfn lfey gey hn. Aus anusfr pwCmI pÀjfb ƒ pUrbI pÀjfb dvfeIaF kxk, qfËIaF sbËIaF, Pl, Puwl, trYktr, KyqIbfVI sMbMDI sMd, sfeIkl, motr pfrt afid Byj skdf hY. pwCmI pÀjfb qoN pUrbI pÀjfb ƒ qfËy aqy sukfey hoey Pl, qyl dy bIj, jfnvrF dIaF KwlF, kpfh, lUx (KfxF vflf), sbËIaF, Dfgf afid splfeI kr skdf hY. ies qoN ielfvf pUrbI aqy pwCmI pÀjfb, ihMdosqfn aqy pfiksqfn ivc vD rhy vpfr df kyNdt bx skdy hn. afps ivc vpfr krn nfl dovF dyÈF ƒ kroVF rupey dy brfbr Zoaf-ZuafeI dIaF lfgqF ivc bwcq ho skdI hY. ies qoN ielfvf ijhVIaF vsqF jldI Krfb hox vflIaF huMdIaF hn ijvyN qfËy Pl, sbËIaF, duwD, mfs, aMzy afid dI afXfq aqy inrXfq ivc kfPI brfbdI bcfeI jf skdI hY.
2. aMqr-rfÈtrI pwDr `qy sihXog:
ivÈv vpfr sMsQf dy bxn nfl sFJy qOr `qy kuJ vsqUaF dy vpfr aqy Auqpfdn ivc ies ielfky dIaF vsqF ƒ bcfieaf jf skdf hY. ies dI ivafiKaf bfsmqI cOlF qoN kIqI jf skdI hY. ieh cOl isrP pwCmI pÀjfb, pUrbI pÀjfb (smyq hirafxf) aqy AuqrFcl ivc pYdf kIqy jFdy hn. bOiDk aiDkfrF dy smJOqy muqfibk ijhVIaF vsqF iksy Kfs BUgoilk Kyqr ivc pYdf kIqIaF jFdIaF hn, AunHF dy pytYNt drj krvfey jf skdy hn, ieh kMm sFJy qOr `qy do dyÈ kr skdy hn. ies smJOqy ivc PrFs dI ÈYNpyn aqy vfien ƒ pytYNt lYx dy aiDkfr iml gey hn. ies qrHF keI pRkfr dy pOdy aqy PslF ƒ aMqrrfÈtrI mukfbly ivc surwiKaf iml skdI hY. ieh gwl cyqy rwKx vflI hY ik amrIkf dI iewk kMpnI vwloN bfsmqI ƒ kfsmqI dy nFa AuWpr pytYNt drj krvfAux dI koiÈÈ vI kIqI geI sI, ijs ƒ ihMdosqfn dI srkfr vwloN bVI muÈkl nfl roikaf igaf. ijs qrHF df aMqr-rfÈtrI afriQk injfm bx igaf hY, Aus ivc awj dovF dyÈF ƒ pihlF qoN ikqy vwD afpsI sihXog dI ËrUrq bx geI hY. XUrp ny iewk sFJI mMzI bxf ky afpxI smUihk sOdybfËI dI kfPI ÈkqI vDf leI hY. pfiksqfn aqy ihMdosqfn ƒ sfrk jQybMdI ƒ qkVf bxfAuxf pihlF qoN kfPI iËafdf ËrUrI ho igaf hY.
3. Koj aqy ivkfs ivc sihXog:
pwCmI aqy pUrbI pÀjfb dovyN sUby KyqI pRDfn hn. ienHF ivc KyqI dIaF afpxIaF hI smwisafvF hn. pUrbI pÀjfb ny ies ivc kfPI qrwkI kIqI hY aqy pwCmI pÀjfb nfloN awgy inkl igaf hY. 1993-94 ivc pwCmI pÀjfb ivc pRqI hYktyar nvIN kxk df JfV 1977iklogRfm sI, pr pUrbI pÀjfb ivc ieh 3324 iklogRfm sI. ievyN hI Jony ivc pwCmI pÀjfb df aOsqn JfV pRqI hYktyar 1690 iklogRfm sI aqy pUrbI pÀjfb ivc ieh JfV 2013 iklogRfm sI. ievyN hI ieh Prk dUjIaF PslF ivc vyiKaf jf skdf hY. pwCmI pÀjfb dy iksfn pUrbI pÀjfb qoN kxk aqy Jony dy nvyN bIj pRfpq kr skdy hn. ievyN hI pUrbI pÀjfb dy iksfn pwCmI pÀjfb qoN kpfh dy bIj aqy PlF dIaF kuJ iksmF pRfpq kr skdy hn. ies nfl dovF pÀjfbF dy iksfnF ƒ kfPI Pfiedf ho skdf hY. dovF pÀjfbF dy KyqI ivigafnI afpxy sfDn sFJy aqy iekwTy joV ky Koj kr skdy hn. ipCly simaF ivc KyqI ivc Koj df kMm kfPI mihMgf ho igaf. ivÈv vpfr sMsQf bx jfx qoN bfad KyqI sMbMDI nvIN Koj pytYNt dy dfiery ivc af geI hY. pihlF dI qrHF ieh Koj dy nqIjy aMqr-rfÈtrI sMsQfvF qoN muPq imlxy aOKy ho gey hn. vYsy vI nvIaF KyqI sMbMDI KojF dy pytYNt bx jfx bfad Koj df kMm bhu- kOmI kfrporyÈnF pfs clf igaf hY. ieh kMpnIaF nvyN bIjF aqy pOidaF ivc afpxI mnOplI bxf rhIaF hn. ies krky iksfnF ƒ afAux vfly smyN ivc ieh bIj mihMgy imlx dI sMBfvnf hY.
dUjy pfsy sfzIaF Koj sMsQfvF ivÈyÈ krky KyqIbfVI XUnIvristIaF ivwqI sMkt df iÈkfr hn aqy AunHF ƒ nvyN bIjF aqy pOidaF ivc KojF krn ivc muÈkl af rhI hY. ies krky ies gwl dI sKq ËrUrq hY ik pUrbI aqy pwCmI pÀjfbF dy KyqI arQ ivigafnI afpxy sImq sfDnF dI suXog vrqoN krn. ies ƒ isry cfVHn vfsqy dovF pfisaF dIaF XUnIvristIaF ƒ afpsI sihXog vDfAux dI kfPI sKq ËrUrq hY. ies nfloN vI vwD ËrUrI iewk sQfn `qy kIqI Koj dy Pl dUijaF nfl sFJy kIqy jfx aqy pyNzU lokF ƒ ienHF df Pfiedf phuMcfieaf jfvy. afps ivc iml ky Koj Kyqr afpxI muhfrq muqfibk iewk-dUjy ƒ alft kIqy jf skdy hn aqy pyqlI Koj dI bjfey zUMGfeI vflI Koj kIqI jf skdI hY. ies kMm ƒ isry cfVHn vfsqy dovF pÀjfbF dy KyqI mfhrF dy zYlIgytF dI afpsI imlxI df ieMqËfm kIqf jf skdf hY. ienHF imlxIaF ƒ sFJy Koj pRfjYktF ivc qbdIl kIqf jf skdf hY. ienHF pRfjYktF dy Koj nqIijaF ƒ sFJy qOr `qy vrq ky dovF pÀjfbF dy pyNzU ielfikaF ivc KuÈhflI vDfeI jf skdI hY. PslF dy bIjF, bfgbfnI dy pOidaF aqy zyarI, poltrI dy jIvF dI Koj qoN ielfvf dovyN sUby iewk-dUjy qoN afriQk ivkfs dy muwidaF, qrIikaF aqy vsIilaF df igafn pRfpq kr skdy hn. KyqI dy sfDnF ivc ËmIn aqy ËmIn hyTly pfxI bhuq vzmuwly sfDn hn KyqI ivkfs vfsqy. pwCmI pÀjfb pUrbI pÀjfb qoN klr aqy sym dI smwisaf ivc pwCmI pÀjfb leI pUrbI pÀjfb qoN iswKx leI kfPI kuJ ipaf hoieaf hY, ievyN hI ËmIn hyTly pfxI ƒ sFB ky vrqx leI pUrbI pÀjfb vfsqy pwCmI pÀjfb qoN iswKxf pvygf.
(s) buwDIjIvIaF aqy ividafrQIaF df vtFdrf aqy mOjUdf smyN ivc afriQk ivkfs ƒ KyqI aqy snaqI ivkfs qoN awgy vD ky vyKx dI loV hY. awj dy dOr ivc dyÈf dIaf arQ-ivvsQfvF KyqI qoN ivkfs krdIaF snaqI arQ ivvsfQfvF bxIaF aqy hux syvfvF vflIaF arQ-ivvsQfvF bx rhIaF hn. ajokIaF afriQkqfvF igafn/muhfrq pRDfn huMdIaF jf rhIaF hn. ienHF simaF ivc ivÈv pwDr `qy mwlF mfrn vfsqy mnuwKI ivkfs sfDnF ƒ ivksq krn dI kfPI ËrUrq hY. mnuwKI ivkfs vfsqy purfxy iviÈaF dI kfPI mhwqqf vD geI hY. ies kMm ƒ sucfrU qrIky nfl clfAux vfsqy buwDIjIvIaF aqy ividafrQIaF df sihXog qy vtFdrf kfPI ËrUrI bx igaf hY. pUrbI aqy pwCmI pÀjfb ivc awz-awz iviÈaF sMbMDI Koj aqy pVHfeI dy AuWc pwDr dy kyNdr mOjUd hn. kuJ aYsy kyNdr hor vI bxfey jf skdy hn. ienHF kyNdrF ivc pwCmI pÀjfb qoN pUrbI pÀjfb aqy pUrbI pÀjfb qoN pwCmI pÀjfb vwl ividafrQI iswiKaf vfsqy jf skdy hn. ievyN hI buwDIjIvI aqy aiDafpk vI QoVHy smyN leI iek pfisEN dUjy pfsy af-jf skdy hn. aYsy pRogrfmF ƒ bYT ky sFJy qOr `qy AulIikaf jf skdf hY aqy lfgU krn df pRogrfm bxfieaf jf skdf hY aqy loVINdy ivwqI sfDnF df pRbMD kIqf jf skdf hY.
dovF pÀjfbF ivc sMBfvnfvF hn aqy dovF pÀjfbF dy lokF ivc ienHF ƒ pRfpq krn dI zfhZI cfh vI hY. ies kMm vfsqy sfrk df plytPfrm kMm af skdf hY, pr ieh ajy pUrI qrHF kMm nhIN kr irhf. ies ƒ pUrI qrHF awgy qorn ivc dovF pÀjfbF dy lokF, ivdvfnF, KojIaF, smfjk vrkrF qy sucyq isafsI afgUUaF ƒ kfPI koiÈÈ krnI pvygI. ies pfsy kuJ sfrQk kdm vI puwty jf cuwky hn, ajy hor hMBlf mfrn dI loV hY. ies pfsy lgfqfr koiÈÈF jfrI rihxIaF cfhIdIaF hn. ieh koiÈÈF ËrUr Pl ilafAxgIaF. ies iKwqy dy ivkfs df muhfr muV pÀjfb ivc kyNdrq hovygf aqy ieh iKwqf dunIaf dy sB qoN vwD ivksq ielfikafF ivc Èfml hox dI sMBfvnf rwKdf hY. ies ielfky qoN afly-duafly dy dyÈF aqy ielfikaF ivc sFJf dIaF qMdF vDf ky XUrpIn XUnIan dI qrË `qy ielfkfeI/KyqrI eykIkrx vwl viDaf jf skdf hY. ies ielfkfeI eykIkrx ivc hI dwKxI eyÈIaf dy dyÈF df AuWjl BivwK nËr afAuNdf hY.