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pÀjfb dI kimAuinst lihr df ieiqhfs—10

ikrqI-iksfn pfrtI

— Bgvfn isMG joÈ

BfvyN iksfnI leI jQybMdI dI loV nUM 1927 ivc hI mihsUs kIqf jfx lg ipaf sI pr qF vI ies sMbMDI ivcfr krn qy ies nUM bxfn ivc iek sfl df smF lg igaf. ikrqI dy prbMDkF duafrf pihlI ikrqI kfnÌrMs 6,7 akqUbr,1927 nUM sohn isMG joÈ dI prDfngI hyT hoeI. ies kfnÌrMs dy huiÈafrpur ivc qy iehnF qfrIKF ivc rKy jfx df kfrn ieh sI ik iehnF qfrIKF nUM hI ieQy iswK lIg kfnÌrMs hoxI sI. ‘sfmrfj ivroDI lIg’ vloN ies kfnÌrMs nUM vDfeI dI qfr prfpq hoeI jo pMzfl nUM pVH ky suxfeI geI. sohn isMG joÈ ny aYm[aYl[zfrilMg dIaF ilKqF coN aMkVy dy ky pMjfb dy kfÈqkfrF dI idno-idn inwGrdI hflq bfry lMmI qkrIr kIqI. akflI nyqfvF ijvyN ik drÈn isMG PyrUmfn, jQydfr AUDm isMG nfgoky qy ig: gurmuK isMG musfÌr ny ikhf ik Auh ikrqIaF dI syvf leI iqafr hn. aMq ivc ikrqI dy prbMDkF ny afs prgt kIqI ik iehnF nyqfvF dI dyK ryK hyT ikrqIaF dI iek jQybMdI KVHI kIqI jfvygI. ies kfnÌrMs dy miqaF ivc ieh ikhf igaf ik spwÈt isafsI progrfm vflI ieh pwkI jQybMdII KVHI kr ky Auh kOmI kFgrs dI hr shfieqf krngy; jo kuJ kFgrs khygI Auh mMnxgy qy hmyÈF hI kFgrs dy Kwby DVy dI mdd krngy. ies kfnÌrMs ivc hyT ilKy mqy pfs kIqy gey: (1) Bfrq dI mukMml afËfdI dI prfpqI mËdUrF aqy iksfnF dI pfrtI bxfeI jfvy (2) hr Èihr ivc ‘ikrqI’ kyNdr KoilHaf jfvy (3) rUsI aqy cInI ienklfbF dy hwk ivc mqy (4) Coty kfÈqkfrF df mlIaf muafÌ kIqf jfvy (5) ÌYktrIaF ivc kMm krdy mËdUrF leI tfeIm awT GMty nIaq kIqf jfvy. (6) kfnHpur dy hVqflI mËdUrF nfl hmdrdI df mqf.
aijhI soc ivcfr ivcoN lMGidaF, afÉrkfr ikrqI-iksfn pfrtI dI nINh rKI geI, ijs df vyrvf ies pRkfr imldf hY: “sohn isMG joÈ aqy Bfg isMG knyzIan dy swdy Aupr mËdUrF aqy iksfnF nUM jQybMd krn leI 12 aprYl 1928 nUM jilHaF vfly bfg ivc iek mIitMg bulfeI geI. vwK vwK iËilHaF qoN lwgBg 60 afdmIaF ny ies ivc Bfg ilaf ijnHF ivc zf: siqafpfl, gupfl isMG kOmI, aYm[ey[mujId, rfeyËfdf hMs rfj aYm[aYl[ sI, kydfr nfQ sihgl, ÌIroj dIn mnsUr, mfstr kfbl isMG aqy lflf rfm cMd Èfiml sn. srb-sMmqI nfl ieh ÌYslf ilaf igaf ik ikrqI-iksfn nF dI pfrtI sQfpq kIqI jfvy ijs df mksd iksfnF qy mËdUrF nUM jQybMd krnf hovy. ijhVy lok ies mIitMg ivc Èfiml hn Auh ies dy mYNbr smJy jfx. sohx isMG joÈ aqy abdul mujId krmvfr skwqr cuxy gey. iek pMj mYNbrI kmytI (ijs dy mYNbr kydfr nfQ sihgl, mujId, gupfl isMG kOmI, hIrf isMG drd aqy sohn isMG joÈ sn) ies pfrtI dy asUlF nUM iqafr krn leI kfiem kIqI geI.” (ikrqI, meI 1928).
dUsrI ikrqI kfnÌrMs 28 qoN 30 sqMbr 1928 nUM pMjfb sUbfeI isafsI kfnÌrMs dy mOky Auqy lfielpur ivc swdI geI. kfnÌrMs ivc bulfiraF ny iksfnF nUM jQybMd hox leI ikhf qy ies qoN ielfvf keI iksfnI smwisafvF ijvyN nihrI pfxI dI Gft, mflIey aqy afbIafny dy rytF ivc kmI dI loV afid AuTfeIaF geIaF. srgoDf iËlHy ivc iksfnf nUM sr CotU rfm clfeI ‘iËmIdfrF lIg’ df bfeIkft krn leI ikhf igaf. ieMj hI aMimRqsr iËlHy ivc iksfnF nUM kmytIaF bxfAux dI slfh idqI geI. qIsrI kfnÌrMs rohqk ivc 10 mfrc 1929 nUM hoeI ijs ivc jvfhr lfl nihrU ny vI Bfg ilaf. sohn isMG joÈ dy myrT sfiËÈ kys ivc idqy iek ibafn anusfr pMjfb ikrqI-iksfn pfrtI ny prYWs vrkrË XUnIan (aMimRqsr), motr zrfeIvrË XUnIan qy hor keI CotIaF CotIaF XUnIanF KVHIaF krn df Xqn kIqf. pfrtI dIaF brfcF luiDafxF, rohqk qy bMgfl ivc sn (ies df nF ikrqI dl bMgfl sI) bfad ivc muËPr aihmd aqy sohn isMG joÈ dIaF koiÈÈF kfrn ieh gruwp ‘bMgfl mËdUr iksfn pfrtI’ ivc Èfml ho igaf. nvMbr 1929 dy aMq ivc iÌlp sprYt, mujwÌr aihmd aqy bMgfl ‘mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI’ dy hor kfrkunF ny klkwqy ivc dsMbr 1929 ivc swdI geI srb-BfrqI mjdUr-iksfn pfrtI df prDfn sohn isMG joÈ nUM cuixaf. ies sfry smyN ivc ijQoN qk prcfr aqy jQybMdk srgrmIaF dI gwl hY, sohn isMG joÈ, abdul mujId, kydfr nfQ sihgl aqy Bfg isMG knyzIan ny ies ivc vwzf ihwsf pfieaf.
kOmI pwDr dI ies jQybMdI nUM KVHI krn ivc iÌlp sprYt ny mhwqvpUrn rol adf kIqf. jUn 1927 ivc Auh lfhOr ivc cmn lfl pfs Tihiraf hoieaf sI. Aus ny pMjfb dy sfry ienklfbI gruwp nUM iekwTy ho ky iek pfrtI Ausfrn Aupr Ëor idqf. ikrqI gruwp aqy lfhOr gruwp nUM nyVy ilafAux ivc vI sprYt df kfÌI hwQ jfpdf hY. brYzly aqy sprYt ny pMjfbI ienklfbIaF aqy dys dy dUjy BfgF ivc kMm kr rhy ienklfbIaF nUM iek dUsry dy nyVy ilafAux ivc vI bhuq mdd kIqI. ijhVI gwl iDafnXog hY Auh ieh hY ik pMjfb ivc ieMj mwD-ÈryxIaF qy iksfnF nUM sfmrfj-ivroDI jdo-jihd ivc ilafAux leI do plYtÌfrm (nOjvfn Bfrq sBf qy ikrqI iksfn pfrtI) sQfpq kr ley gey sn jo afpxy afp ivc iek prfpqI sI. pr iehnF df prBfv ikMnF ku sI ? asIN nOjvfn Bfrq sBf bfry dyK ilaf hY. ijQoN qwk iksfnF Aupr prBfv aqy vwK vwK ielfikaF ivc jQybMdIaF KVHIaF krn dI gwl sI, ieh qF ajy nf hox dy brfbr sI. iksfnF dI hflq mMdvfVy kfrn idnoN idn mMdI ho rhI sI qy AuhnF ivc ros dI Bfvnf idnoN idn vwD rhI sI. pr ijvyN ik asIN Aupr iËkr kIqf hY, mfrc 1929 ivc pMjfb dy iqMn muwK ienklfbI afgUaF dI igRÌqfrI kfrn iehnF dohF plYtÌfrmF dIaF srgrmIaF kuJ idn leI iZwlIaF pY geIaF. so pMjfb ivc Kwby Jukfa vflI ienklfbI lihr ny, jo ÌrvrI 1926 ivc ikrqI dy jnm lYx nfl ÈurU sI, hux ivcfrDfrk kyNdr dI sQfpqI qoN cl ky 1928 ivc jQybMdk rUp Dfrnf ÈurU kr idqf sI. pr ajy vI isafsI qOr Auqy pCVy hoey pMjfb ivc ies ienklfbI lihr ny nOjvfnF dy bhuq hI sImq Gyry nUM prBfvq kIqf sI.
pMjfb ivc cl rhI kOmI lihr ivc ieh qbdIlI asl ivc sfry dys ivc vfpr rhI qbdIlI df hI iek Bfg sI. ieQy kuJ ku svflF nUM AuTfAuxf ËrUrI hY ijnHF df sMbMD Bfrq ivc 1928 qoN bfad kimAUinst lihr dy ivkfs nfl hY. ieh ‘mËdUr-iksfn pfrtIaF’ ikho ijhIaF pfrtIaF sn? iehnF nUM ieMtrnYÈnl dI CyvIN kFgrs vloN qoVn df aMdyÈ ikAuN hoieaf? kI kfrn sn ik ‘mËdUr-iksfn pfrtIaF’ qoV dyx nfl kimAUinst, ijnHF df prBfv dsMbr 1928 ivc qyËI nfl ÌYl irhf sI, bfad ivc muwTI Br gruwp hI rih gey sn qy Auh 1930 dy jnqk AuBfr ivc Bfg lYx qoN vI asmrQ rhy hn ? kI ‘mËdUr-iksfn pfrtIaF dy qjribaF nUM mfrksvfdI isDFq dI roÈnI ivc smJx qy iek bsqIvfdI dys ivc mËdUr jmfq dI srdfrI sQfpq krn leI afpxy hI Éfs rfh dI Bfl dy nqIjy vjoN nvIN XuD-nIqI qy dfa-pyc GVn dy Xqn vjoN ilaf igaf? asIN agly kFz ivc vyKFgy ik pMjfb ivc vI jo kuJ 1931-36 qk vfpiraf Aus df iehnF svflF nfl iswDf sMbMD hY. ieQy asIN iehnF pfrtIaF nUM bxfAux ipwCy jo isDFqk qy ivcfrDfrk vfd-ivvfd dI kul pRikRaf sI Aus ivc nhIN jfvFgy.
iehnF pfrtIaF (vrkrË aYNz pYjYNts pfrtIË) ny lIgl pfrtIaF hoxf sI ijnHF sfhmxy burjuaf kOmI zYmokRYitk ienklfb df progrfm sI ijs dIaF muwK mwdF ieh sn-sfmrfj qoN mukqI, jgIrdfrI df aMq, votF df aiDkfr, ÈihrI afËfdI, mËdUrF leI awT GMitaF dy kMm df nIXq hoxf,afid. ies ny iek ivÈfl afDfr vflI jQybMdI hoxf sI, ijs ny iksfnF mËdUrF aqy mwD ÈryxIaF ivc kMm krnf sI qy ieMj lVdy lVdy afpxy afp nUM kOmI ienklfb dy mohrI dsqy vjoN sQfpq krnf sI. ies ny kul sfmrfj-ivroDI jQybMdIaF nfl jdo-jihd ivc iBlfeI pfAuxI sI. ieh afs kIqI jFdI sI ik ieh pfrtIaF kimAUinst pfrtI KVHI krn leI kfzr dI rkruitMg grfAUNz hoxgIaF. sfmrfj-ivroDI Gol ivc awgy ho ky imlItYNt Bfg lY ky pihlF kimAUinstF ny sfrI lihr nUM Kwby pfsy moV idMidaF qy ies nUM mËdUrF iksfnF ivc PYlf ky zUMGf kridaF afpxy pYr jmfAuxy sn.
pr ieh sB kuJ nf ho sikaf. pihlF pihl pfrtIaF bMgfl,bMbeI,pMjfb aqy XU[ pI[ ivc hI sn qy iehnF ivc muwTI Br kimAUinst iKlry hoey sn. iehnF ivcoN bMbeI dI pfrtI df asr sB qoN vDyry sI. 16 afdmIaF ivcoN jo srb Bfrq mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI dI aYgËYkitv ivc cuxy gey, Gto Gt 10 kimAUinst sn. ÌYslf ieh sI ik ajy kFgrs dy aMdr hI rih ky kMm kIqf jfvy. bMbeI pfrtI dy muK kfrkun bMbeI dI prFqk kFgrs kmytI dy vI isrkwZ afgU sn. kFgrs dy mdrfs sYÈn ivc pUrn afËfdI df mqf pfs krn ipCy vI kFgrs ivc Kwby DVy df bhuq rol sI. kFgrs pMzfl awgy kimAUinstF duafrf jQybMd kIqy 30,000 mËdUrF ny muËfhrf kIqf. 1927 ivc mËdUrF ivc kimAUinstF df prBfv BfvyN iblkul mfmUlI sI pr 1928 dy aMq qk AuhnF ny keI tryz XUnIanF nUM sMBfl ilaf sI qy ey[tI[XU[ sI (eytk) ivc vI AuhnF df prBfv vD irhf sI. bMbeI mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI df cyarmYNn eytk ivc vI mIq prDfn cuixaf igaf, jdoN ik zFgy shfiek skwqr qy Jbvflf jQybMdk skwqr. jd aprYl 1928 ivc bMbeI ivc afm hVqfl df swdf idqf igaf qf kimAUinstF dIaF srgrmIaF bhuq qyË ho geIaF. hVqfl 6 mhIny clI. 23 meI 1928 nUM igrnI kfmgr XUnIan hoNd ivc afeI ijs dy lIzr asl ivc bMbeI mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI dy hI afgU sn. ies sfrI hVqfl dy dOrfn kimAUinstF ny iek vI sYktyrIan kdm nhIN cuwikaf sgoN sfrf kMm sFJI hVqfl kmytI nUM krn idqf. 30 sqMbr nUM igrnI kfmgr XUnIan dI mYNbriÈp kyvl 324 sI jo 1928 dy aMq ivc 54,000 ho geI. ies XUnIan df PMz jo akqUbr 1928 ivc 88 rupey sI, sfl dy aMq ivc 64,000 rupey ho igaf. ies qoN ielfvf kimAUinstF df prBfv imAUNinspl kfimaF qy godI mËdUrF ivc vI viDaf . jI[afeI[pI[ rylvy mYnË XUnIan jo 5 akqUbr 1928 nUM rijstr krvfeI geI sI dy mIq prDfn bYn-brYzly aqy joglykr jQybMdk skwqr sn. ieMj hI mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI ny klkwqy dy ptsn dy kfrÉfinaF dy mËdUrF aqy mnÈydpur dy stIl dy kfrÉfinaF dy mËdUrf ivc kMm ÈurU kIqf. kimAUinstF ny eytk dy aMdr afpxy afp nUM aYnf qkVf bxf ilaf ik AuhnF ny JrIaf ivc ies dI lIzriÈp afpxy hwQ lYx df vI Xqn kIqf. jvfhr lfl nihrU kimAUinst AumIdvfr zI[bI[kulkrnI nUM bVI muÈkl nfl hI hrf swikaf.pr muËÌr aihmd aqy kulkrnI Aup-prDfn bx gey, zFgy Aup-skwqr; qYrIzI, brYzly aqy sprYt aYNgËYkitv ivc cuxy gey sI. sI[afeI[zI[dy AuWc aiDkfrI ivlIamsnf anusfr: “1928 dy aMq qk iek vI jnqk syvf jF snaq aijhI nhIN sI ijQy kimAUinËm dI kFg ny, jo Aus sfl dOrfn dys ivc Cf geI sI, pUrI qrHF jF aMÈk qOr Auqy prBfv nf pfieaf hovy.” sfeImn kimÈn dy ivroD ivc bMbeI ivc 30,000 kfimaF ny muËfhrf kIqf. lIloN nF dI QF Auqy mËdUrF Aupr golI clfey jfx ivruwD 10,000 mËdUrf ny klkwqy ivc srkfr ivruwD muËfhrf kIqf. ies dOr dI Gft ieh sI ik kimAUinstF vloN (Èfied AuhnF dI igxqI iblkul Gwt hox kfrn) iksfnI ÌrMt vwl iDafn nf idwqf jf sikaf. jykr mËdUr-iksfn pfrtI ijhI jQybMdI rfhIN ieMj kimAUinstF df prBfv-Kyqr cOVf ho irhf sI qF ies jQybMdI nUM qoV ikAuN idwqf igaf?
1927 dy aMq qwk stfiln ny buKfirn,kymfnyv qy ËInovIv nfl iml ky bflÈivk pfrtI ivc trftskI aqy Aus dy hmfieqIaF nUM hrf idqF sI. trftskI dy ivroD ivc stfiln ny buKfirn dIaF afrQk pfilsIaF nUM mfnqf dy idwqI sI ijs kfrn rUs dI KyqIbfVI dy Kyqr df kulk qbkf afpxIaF jVHF jmf ky sovIaq swqf nUM llkfr irhf sI. iehnF pfilsIaF kfrn rUsI afrQkqf df sMkt idno idn vD irhf sI, ijs ny stfiln nUM GrylU pfilsI ivc iqwKf Kwby-pwKI moV lYx leI mËbUr kIqf. ieMj buÉfirn (jo 1926 qoN koimntrn df prDfn sI) qy stfiln ny ivcfr pyÈ kIqf ik sMsfr-srmfeydfrI, sMkt dy iek nvyN pVfa ivc dfÉl ho geI hY qy sovIaq XUnIan Aupr hmly df Éqrf hor vD igaf hY. ieh dlIl ies QIss AuWqy afDfrq sI ik 1922 qoN bfad sMsfr srmfeydfrI ivc jo siQrqf afeI sI, Auh tut rhI sI qy nvF ienklfbI dOr ÈurU ho irhf sI. buÉfirn ny aijhy QIss df ivroD kIqf jo GrylU mslf sulJfAux leI ‘sMsfr srmfeydfrI dy sMkt’ dI Et lY irhf sI. pr koimntrn dI CyvIN kFgrs (ÌrvrI 1928) ny stfiln dy ivcfrF nUM mfnqf dy idwqI qy ikhf ik nvF ienklfbI dOr ÈurU ho igaf hY (vDyry vyrvy leI vyKo : kimAUinst lihr, ÌrnFzoN klfizn, aMgryËI Cfp, pYNgUien buks, 1975).
ies awq Kwbyvfd vwl moV df prBfv bsqIaF ivc kMm krdIaF kimAUinst pfrtIaF Auqy vI ipaf. bsqIvfdI dysF ivc cl rhIaF lihrF qy ieQoN dI burjuafËI dy ikrdfr sMbMDI stfiln dy ivcfr jo Aus ny 1925 ivc ivksq kIqy sn, qy jo bhuqI hwd qwk aYm[aYn[rfey dy ivcfrF nfl myl KFdy sn, hux iehnF dysF dIaF kimAUinst pfrtIaF leI ‘gfeIz lfeInË’ bx gey sn. 1929 ivc aYm[aYn[rfey nUM qF kOmfqrI ivcoN kwZ idqf pr Aus dy Bfrq bfry ivcfr BfrqI kimAUinstF ny stfiel rfhIN apxf ley. stfiel dy ivcfr ies prkfr sn :
“Bfrq vrgIaF bsqIaF dy jIvn dIaF hflqF ivc buinafdI aqy nvF lwCx kyvl ieho hI nhIN ik kOmI burjuafËI ienklfbI pfrtI aqy smJOqfbfË pfrtI ivc vMz geI hY, sgoN mUl rUp ivc ieh hY ik ies burjuafËI df smJOqfbfË ihwsf moty qOr Auqy sfmrfjvfd nfl sOdybfËI krn ivc sÌl ho vI cuikaf hY. ieh ihwsf ienklfb qoN sfmrfjvfd nfloN vI bhuq zrdf hY aqy iehnUM afpxIaF qjOrIaF dI icMqf afpxy dys dy ihwqF dI icMqf nfloN bhuqI hY. burjuafËI df ieh ihwsf, jo sB qoN DnI aqy sB qoN asrdfr ihwsf hY, pUrI qrHF ienklfb dy kwtV vYrIaF dy DVy ivc jf irhf hY aqy afpxy dys dy mËdUrF qy iksfnF dy ivruwD sfmrfjvfd nfl gwTjoV kr cuikaf hY. ienklfb dI ijwq Aus smyN qwk prfpq nhIN kIqI jf skdI, jdoN qwk ieh gTjoV qoiVaf nf jfvy.” (vI[afeI[lYinn aqy jy[vI[stfiln dIaF ilKqF ivcoN kOmI aqy bsqIaF sMbMDI svfl bfry coxvyN hvfly, aMgryËI Cfp,klkwqf buwk hfAUs, 1979, pMnf 1830).
ikAuNik kFgrs pfrtI jo BfrqI burjuafËI dI pfrtI smJI geI sI hux lokF df kYNp Cwz ky sfmrfj dI god ivc clI geI sI, ies leI afËfdI dy rfh ivc roVf hI nhIN sgoN lokF dI sB qoN vwzI duÈmx sI. iehnF aMqr-rfÈtrI QIssF dI ‘rOÈnI’ ivc BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI ny aml dy progrfm df KrVf iqafr kIqf qy ies nUM kFgrs dy krfcI sYÈn (1931) ivc vMizaf. ies dIaF iqMn muwK mwdF ieh hn :
(1) BfrqI lokF nUM Êulfm bxfeI rwKx leI aMgryË sfmrfjvfdIey dysI rfijaF, ijMmINdfrF, ÈfhUkfrF aqy vpfrIaF Auqy inrBr krdy hn aqy kOmI burjuafËI dI mdd df lfB AuTfAuNdy hn.
(2) jdoN ik kOmI ienklfbI gruwp burjUuaf hkUmq aqy burjuaf rUp vflI srkfr leI lV rhy hn, BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI mËdUr jmfq qy iksfnI dI jmhUrI izktytrI leI, Bfrq dU mËdUr qy iksfn sovIaq srkfr leI sMgrfm kr rhI hY.
(ieQy kuJ pfTk ËrUr hYrfn hoxgy ik sI[pI[afeI[afËfdI qoN pihlF kihMdI sI ik kOmI burjuafËI sfmrfj dy kYNp ivc hY qy ies leI mËdUr iksfnF dI sovIaq swqf kfiem krnI hY qy afËfdI qoN bfad jd burjuafËI dy hwQ vfgzor hY qF sI[pI[afeI kihMdI hY ik kOmI burjuafËI lokF dy sfmrfj-ivroDI kYNp ivc hY qy inÈfnf mËdUrF-iksfnF dI sovIaq swqf nhIN, nYÈnl zYmokrYitk srkfr hY).
(3) BfrqI ienklfb dI ijwq dy rfh ivc sB qoN hfnIkfrk aqy Éqrnfk rukfvt nihrU,bos,ignvflf aqy horF dI agvfeI ivc nYÈnl kFgrs dy ‘ Kwby aMÈF’ vloN kIqf jf irhf aMdoln hY. …‘Kwby kFgrsI afgUaF df, jo kfimaF dy smUh nUM iek vfr Pyr BMbl-BUisaF ivc pfAux leI pihlF dI afËfdI dI lIg vrgI koeI nvIM pfrtI jF jQybMdI kfiem krn df Xqn Pyr kr skdy hn, BFzf BMnxf sfzI pfrtI df mUl kfrj hY. ‘Kwby’ kOmI suDfrvfdIaF ivruwD byikrk jMg Aus sUrq ivc iek lfËmI Èrq hY jy asIN AuhnF nUM mËdUrF aqy iksfnI dy smUh nfloN inKyVnf hY.[[[[” (BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI dy ieiqhfs dI rUpryKf, aMgryËI Cfp, kimAUinst pfrtI prkfÈn pMnf 34).
iehnF QIissF anusfr hux kimAUinstF df muwK kMm pihlF kFgrs ivc Kwby-pwKIaF nUM lok-kcihrI ivc ‘nMigaf’ krnf sI qy sfmrfj dy iÉlfÌ lVfeI cMgI qrHF lVn dI ieh pihlI Èrq sI. spwÈt hY kfgrs lIzriÈp nUM lokF qoN vwK krn dI ieh ivDI asl ivc kimAUinstF dI kOmI lihr qoN afpxy afp nUM vwK kr lYx dI ivDI sI. hux Auh sfmrfj dy iÉlfÌ lVfeI df mohrI dsqf bxn dI bjfey, kFgrs dy Kwby pwK dy iÉlfÌ lVfeI df mohrI dsqf bx qury. nqIjy vjoN 1929 dy afÉrI mhIinaF ivc mËdUr iksfn pfrtIaF ny afpxIaF srgrmIaF Twp kr idwqIaF. AuDr muK lIzriÈp AuBrI. ies nfl tryz XUnIan ivc nvMbr-dsMbr ivc eytk dy nfgpur sYÈn ivc Put pY geI. hOlI hOlI sB tryz XUnIanF kimAUinstF dy prBfv hyToN inklx lgIaF qy kimAUinstF muwTI Br imlItYNtF dy grup hI rih gey jo afpxy afp nUM bflÈivk pfrtI khfAux lgy qy pfrtI ivc vI Put pY geI. sfmrfjIey, kimAUinstF nUM lihr qoN inKyVnf cfhuMdy sn qy BfrqI lokF dIaF nËrF ivc AuhnF nUM kOm-ivroDI, Drm-ivroDI qy rUs eyjMtF vjoN pyÈ krnf cfhuMdy sn. ieh gwl sfmrfj afpxI sfiËÈ nfl qF nf kr sikaf, pr ies sYktyrIan lfeIn ny kimAUinstF df aijhf muhFdrf pyÈ krn ivc ËrUr mdd kIqI. pr svfl pYdf huMdf hY ik kI ieh swcfeI sI ik kFgrs sfmrfj dy kYNp ivc clI geI sI qy hux sfmrfj ivruD lok-lihrF ÈurU nhIN sI krnf cfhuMdI, ijvyN ik stfiln ny smiJaf sI ?
kFgrs dy muwK afgUaF ny sfmrfj df ivroD kIqf qy myrT sfiËÈ kys dy kimAUinst afgUaF nfl hmdrdI jqlfeI. muwK kFgrs afgUaF ijvyN nihrU aqy zfktr ansfrI vloN AuhnF dy zIÌYNs ivc kmytI kfiem kIqI geI. gFDI afp nUM myrT jyl ivc imlx igaf. AuhnF ivc gwlbfq ies pRkfr hoeI:
“Auhny AuhnF nUM puiCaf: qusI cfhuMdy sI ik kFgrs Bfrq dI mukMml afËfdI dy pwK ivc aYlfn kry. hux jdoN asIN lfhOr ivKy ieh kuJ krn jf rhy hF, sfzy ivckfr kI mqByd ho skdf hY ? aYs[ey[ zFgy ny iek moVvF svfl kIqf, “jy afAux vfly aMdoln ivc iek hor cOrI-cOrf vfpr jfvy, qusIN kI krogy ? Pyr aMdoln vfps lY lvogy?” gFDI jI ny iek pl leI soicaf aqy AuWqr idwqf, “nhIN”. (Auprokq, pMnf 31[)
31 dsMbr 1929 nUM kFgrs ny pUrn afËfdI df mqf pfs krky srkfr nUM iek sfl df altImytm dy idwqf. mfrc 1930 ivc gFDI ny zFzI mfrc ÈurU kr idwqI. kFgrs dI agvfeI hyT sfry dys ivc smrfj-ivroDI qUÌfn AuT KVHf hoieaf. 90,000 qoN vwD lokF ny girÌqfrIaF idqIaF. jnqk lihr koeI gFDI dy inXmF dI bwDI hoeI sI, iek vfr ÈurU hoeI qF Pyr ies ny afpxf hI mMqkI ruK ilaf. 25 aprYl 1930 nUM ipÈfvr dI bgFvq hoeI ijs ivc gVHvflI ispfhIaF lokF Aupr golI clfAux qoN ienkfr kr idqf. ipÈfvr 14 meI 1930 nUM srkfr vloN vfps ijwiqaf igaf. ieMj hI 5 meI 1930 nUM Èolfpur dI hVqfl hoeI qF lokF ny Èihr Auqy kbËf kr ilaf Èihr muV vfps 12 meI nUM ijwiqaf igaf. qy mfrÈl lfa lgfieaf igaf. iDafnXog gwl ieh hY ik iehnF dohF hflqF ivc jd lihr ÈurU hoeI qF Aus df rUp Auh nhIN sI jo kFgrs lIzr cfhuMdy sn-ÈFqmeI siqafgRih df. ies AuBfr dI afgU kyvl kFgrs sI qy ies ny iesI jnqk AuBfr df dbfa vrq ky gFDI-ierivn pYkt kr ilaf. kimAUinst gruwp pfsy KVHf kFgrs nUM lokF dI kcihrI ivc ‘nMigaF’ krdf irhf. jykr kimAUinstF ny ieh sYktyrIan vqIrf nf apxfieaf huMdf qF Aus AuBfr ivc AuhnF sB qoN agy ho ky lVnf sI, qy ieMj lVdy hoey kFgrs dy smJOqfvfdI suBfa nUM lokF sfhmxy ieMj prgtfAuxf sI ik kyvl kFgrs df Kwbf ivMg ijs dI lIzriÈp muK qOr Auqy kimAUinstF dy hwQ sI, sfmrfj dy iÉlfÌ azolqf nfl lV skx dI smrQf rKdf hY. ieMj ies AuBfr ivc pihly AuBfr vFg hI kOmI lihr ivc Kwbyvfd vwl Jukfa pihlF nfloN vI vwDxf sgoN mËdUr jmfq ivc AuhnF dIaF jVf hor vI pwkIaF hoxIaF sn qy swjy ivMg dy mukfbly Kwby-pwK dI lfBdfiek sOdybfËI dI smrQf ikqy vD jfxI sI? pr ieh ikvyN huMdf jdoN asIN awKF mIc dUsiraF dI soc mgr lg qury, sfhmxy XQfrQ nUM vyKx, smJx dI bjfey QIssF dy aYbstrYkt ÌfrmUilaF nUM cMbVy rhy. asl ivc hoieaf kI? ieh kimAUinstF dI 1930 dI afpxI iek dsqfvyË ivc drj hY.
asIN bMbeI ivc aijhI hflq ivc puwj gey ik asIN sMgrfm qoN scmuwc ipCy ht gey aqy mYdfn pUrI qrHF kFgrs leI KuwlHf Cwz idqf. asIN afpxI BUimkf iek Coty ijhy gruwp dI BUimkf qwk sImq kr leI jo kdI-kdfeIN kuJ duvrky vMz Czdf sI. iswtF Auho inkilaf jIhdI afs kIqI jf skdI sI-kfimaF dy mnF ivc ieh rfey bx geI ik asIN kuJ nhIN kr rhy aqy kFgrs ieko-iek jQybMdI hY jo sfmrfj-vfd ivrwD lVfeI jfrI rwK rhI hY aqy ies leI kfimaF ny kFgrs dy ipCy ipCy qurnf ÈurU kr idqf (Auprokq, pMnf 35,)
svfl pYNdf huMdf hY kOimntrn dy mËdUr-iksfn pfrtIaF nUM Éqm krn dy afdyÈ df ivroD nhIN hoieaf? kOimntrn ivc brqfnIaf dI kimAUinst pfrtI ny aqy Bfrq ivc zFgy ny ies ivcfr df iqwKf ivroD kIqf. pr ies pfrtI dI hoNd nUM jykr TIk TihrfAuxf sI qy ies dy qjrby nUM afDfr bxf BivwK leI afpxI-XuD nIqI aqy dfapyc dI Éfs lfeIn sI qF ËrUrI sI ik aijhf, isDFqk afDfr dI ibnF Aupr kIqf jFdf Bfv kFgrs pfrtI qy BfrqI burjuafËI bfry stfiln dy ivÈlyÈx nUM Êlq iswD kIqf jFdf. jykr isDFq nUM mMn ilaf qF Aus qoN inklI isafsI lfeIn df kyvl ‘aml’ qoN imlI isiKaf qy hfisl hoeI kfmXfbI kfrn ivroD nhIN sI kIqf jf skdf. ieh gur-mMqr bfr bfr duhrfieaf jFdf hY ik kimAUinst pfrtI lfeIn hflfq dy Tos ivÈlyÈx dy afDfr Auqy bxfAuNdy hn. ieh gwl,rsm AudoN vI duhrfeI geI ijvyN hux duhrfeI jFdI hY:
“afpxI dfapycI lfeIn imQidaF hryk kimAUinst pfrtI nUM Tos aMdrUnI qy bfhrlIaF hflqF, jmfqI qfkqF df afpsI sMbMD, burjuafËI dI siQrqf df pwDr qy AuhdI qfkq, prolqfrI dI qqprqf df pwDr,dys df aMdrlIaF vwK vwK ivckfrlIaF prqF vloN apxfeI jFdI puËIÈn iDafn ivc rwKxI cfhIdI hY.[[[[[pfrtI nUM afpxy nfhiraF df-aqy sMgrfm dy ZMgF df inrxf iehnF hflqF anusfr krnf cfhIdf hY[[[[qF jo jnsmUhF nUM sMBv ijMny ivÈfl pYmfny Auqy aqy sMgrfm dy Aucyry pwDr Auqy jQybMd aqy lfmbMd kIqf jfvy.” (ienprykor,sYNcI 8, nM: 92, 1928[)
pr aijhf iksy ny nf kIqf qy mwq-Byd rKidaF hoieaF vI BfrqI kimAUinstF nUM kOimntrn dI lfeIn svIkfr krnI peI. jdoN mOkf sI Aus vyly qF aiDan krky ies lfeIn df ivroD nf kIqf igaf, pr kI bfad ivc awj qk ies gwl-asl hflqF df Tos ivÈlyÈe-df iÉafl riKaf jFdf hY. sI[pI[afeI[dy ieiqhfskfr jd vI awj kl ies dOr (1928-30) df mulFkx krdy hn qF sYktyrIan lfeIn ipCy iCpy stfiel dI burjuafËI dI do DiVaF ivc vMz dy Êlq hox Auqy ËrUr Ëor idMdy hn jo afpxy afp TIk hY qy jo 1928 qoN bfad kFgrs dIaF srgrmIaF ny Éud spwÈt kr idqf sI. Audfhrx leI moihq syn afpxI aMgryËI pusqk “Bfrq ivc ienklfb-mfrg aqy smwisafvF” ivc ilKdf: “ieh kihxf vI swc nhIN sI ik snaqIkrn dy prfpq kIqy gey pwDr dy nqIjy vjoN aijhI hflq pYdf ho geI sI ijQy pUMjIpqI jmfq sfmrfjvfd nfl sOdybfËI krn leI vDyry AuqfvlI sI. BfrqI pUMjIvfd jmfq dy aMdrlI prqbMdI ny vI do spwÈt qOr Auqy insicq gruwpF dI hwd qwk Èkl nhIN sI PVI-ijnHF ivcoN iek sfmrfjvfd dy pwK Auqy ho jfx hI vflf sI, ijvyN stfiln ny 1925 ivc pUrb dy imhnqkÈF dI XUnIvristI dy ividafrQIaF sfhmxy afpxy BfÈn ivc Êlq ivÈylÈx kIqf sI” (pMnf 75-76, stfiln dI tUk asIN AuWpr idqI hY)
hr Êlq isafsI lfeIn ipCy Êlq isDFq Cuipaf huMdf hY qy ieMj pfTk puC skdy hn ik sI[pI[afeI[dI ieMdrf aYmrjYNsI nUM shfieqf ipCy ikhVf Êlq isDFq Cuipaf hoieaf sI? pfTk ieh jfx ky hYrfn hoxgy ik ieh AuhI jo Auh kihMdy hn ik 1928 ivc lfgU kIqy jfx vfly stfiel dy isDFq ipCy sI. biTMzy ivc 11vIN kFgrs ivc pfs hoeI polItIkl rIivAU rIport ivc sI[pI[afeI[ ny afpxI ÊlqI df isDFqk afDfr ieh dwisaf hY :
“dUjy pfsy pfrtI dy afgU ies Êlq smJ Auqy puwj gey ik burjuafËI dy sfmrfjvfd-ivroDI, jmhUrI ihwisaF aqy sfmrfjvfd-pwKI, sB qoN ipCfKVI, iejfrydfr-pwKI, iËmINdfr-pwKI, sB qoN ivckfr Puwt pY geI hY aqy hMgfmI hflq nUM qfkqF dy afpsI sMbMD ivc aqy rfj-swqf ivc kOmI-jmhUrI syD aMdr awgy vDU qbdIlIaF ilafAux vfsqy vriqaF jf skdf hY.” (pMnf 19,20)
pfTk puCxgy ipCly pMjfh sflF ivc sI[pI[afeI[ ny isiKaf kI hY? Tos aiDan dI axhoNd ivc bfr bfr AuhI ÌfrmUly isafsq ivc vrqy jFdy hn qy AuhI glqIaF kIqIaF jFdIaF hn. ijnHF ny ieiqhfs qoN nhIN isKxf, Blf AuhnF nUM ieiqhfs kOx huMdf hY ËbrdsqI kuJ isKfAux vflf ?!