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sFJy ÌrMt dI nvIN lfeIn pMjfb ivc lgBg 1936 dy ÈurU ivc pujI. 12 jnvrI 1936 dy ikrqI rsfly ivc ‘imlvyN ÌrMt qy’ aYzItorIal qoN ibnF tryz XUnIan eykqf dy sMbMD ivc aYs[ ey[ zFgy dI iek icwTI vI CfpI geI. pr aYzItorIal ivc dovyN lfienF (sMkIrnqfvfd aqy sFJf ÌrMt) rl gwz kr idqIaF geIaF. afÉr nvyN ivcfr ƒ smJx ivc kuJ dyr qF lgdI hI hY. iek gwl jo ikrqI dy siÌaF qoN spwÈt sI, Auh ieh ik ijvyN qIjI kOmFqrI dy kihx Auqy afp ibnF socy-smJy, svY-pVcol kry, BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI dI kyNdrI kmytI ny ieh nvIN lfien df prcfr ÈurU kr idwqf sI. AuhnF nf afpxy afp ƒ koeI svfl puiCaf qy nf kyNdrI kmytI ƒ.
Aupr iËkr kIqy aYzItorIal dy pihly Bfg ivc pihlI pfrtI lfeIn (1928-34) ies pRkfr hY: “iehnF sBnf dy AuqoN iek hor vwzf kfƒn af irhf hY, ijhVF ik Bfrq dI jnqf dIaF afpxy afp aKOqI pRqIinD susfietIaF, kFgrs, aihrfr, Éflsf drbfr, ihMdU mhFsBf, afiraf pRqIinD sBf, ilbrl ÌYzryÈn aqy nYÈnl lybr tryz XUnIan ÌYzryÈn dI shfieqf dy nfÜ sfzy gl miVHaf jf irhf hY, sgoN hkIkq qF ieh hY ik ieh bxfieaf hI iehnF susfietIaF ny aMgryËI iemiprIilËm nfÜ gol gol myËF Auqy bYT ky hY.
ieh kfƒn hY-nvIN rfj bxqr.” iesy aYzItorIal dy aMq ivc iek pYrf sFJy ÌrMt bfry vI lf idwqf igaf. “kFgrs aihrfr, Éflsf drbfr, ilbrl, ihMdU mhFsBf, soÈilst qy kimAUinst sB dys dI afËfdI cfhuMdy hn. sB ny nvIN rfj bxqr ƒ Tukrfieaf hY, kfly kfƒnF ƒ iGrnfieaf hY, rfjsI kYdI vIrF dI irhfeI dI mMg kIqI hY. jy AuprlIaF gwlF sB jQybMdIaF ivc sFJIaF hn qF ikAuN nhIN Auprokq jQybMdIaF AuprlIaF gwlF Auqy iek imlvF ÌrMt bxf, inqrky mYdfn ivc af jFdIaF? sfzf iÉafl hY ik aihrfr, Éflsf drbfr, afiraf pRqIinD sBf, soÈilst, kimAUinst aqy Kwby kFgrsIey ies pfsy iDafn dyxgy aqy Bfrq ƒ afËfd vyKx leI Auh iek imlvyN ÌrMt Auqy rl ky iksy nf iksy ÌYsly Auqy apVn dI koiÈÈ krngy.”
aYzItorIal ivc ivroDqfeI spwÈt hY. Aupr qF iliKaf hY ik nvIN rfj bxqr ilafAux ivc iehnF sB Blymfxs pfrtIaF df hI hwQ hY qy aMq ivc ilK idqf hY, “sB ny nvIN rfj bxqr nMU Tukrfieaf hY, kfly kfƒnF ƒ iGrnfieaf hY.” pihlF qF Kwby-kFgrsI jd dys dI afËfdI dI gwl krdy sn qF Auh lokF ƒ ‘DoKf dyx leI lfieaf nfarf ‘huMdf sI. pihlF qF byprqIqI qy iemfndfrI Auqy Èwk ieQoN qk sI pr hux ivÈvfs dIaF hwdf ieMnIaF ivÈfl ho geIaF ik iÌrkfpRsq pfrtIaF (Éflsf drbfr, ihMdU mhFsBf) dI dys BgqI Auqy vI Èwk krn dI guMMjfieÈ nhIN sI rhI. ies aMk qoN pihly aMk ivc hI (Bfv 6 idn pihlF) ikrqI dI Kwby kFgrsIaF bfry ieh rfey sI:” sfƒ Kwby kFgrsIey nfmDfrIk burjuaf soÈilst jvfhr lfl nihrU vFg imstr gFDI dy crnF ivc invfs ken leI pryiraf jfdf hY. vfh, jI vfh! ielfj qy ÉUb hY. pr sfƒ mnËUr nhIN. asIN idn dIvIN aMnHy hox leI iqafr nhIN.”(5 jnvrI, 1936)
dwq-brYzly dy QIss df sfr iek muK lyK dy rUp ivc 27 mfrc 1936 dy ikrqI ivc Cipaf, ijs ivc sfmrfj-ivroDI ÌrMt ivc kFgrs dy sQfn ƒ ieMj spwÈt kIqf igaf hY: “iemiprIilËm ivruwD lokF dy ÌrMt nfÜ kFgrs dI kI skIrI hY? …ies ivc Èwk nhIN kI kOmI Gol vfsqy ihMdI lokF dIaF bhuq KulHIaF qfkqF ƒ imlfAux ivc kOmI kFgrs ny bVf kMm kIqf hY. hux qk ieh afËfdI lB rhy mnuwKF dI mOjUdf sB qoNvwzI jQybMdI rhI hY.” kuJ idn pihlF siQqI kuJ ies pRkfr sI: “aMgryËI iemiprIilËm, jgIrdfrI aqy srmfeydfrI ies jnqk Gol qoN avyslI nhIN hY, AuhnF qoN jo vfh lgdI hY, ies Gol ƒ dbfAux dI, hordry pfAux dI, qy KyrU KyrU krn dI, Auh lfAuNdy hn. (ikrqI, 12 jnvrI, 1936). hux kFgrs dy sfmrfj-ivroDI sImq Gol ƒ hI svIkfiraf igaf, sgoN kFgrs ivc qbdIlI kr ky ies ƒ sfmrfj dy iÉlfÌ shI ÌrMt bxfAux df ivcfr vI prgtfieaf igaf: ‘kOmI kFgrs iemiprIilËm ivruwD lokF dy ÌrMt ƒ aml ivc ilafAux dy kMm ivc bVf kMm dy skdI hY. ieh vI ho skdf hY ik kOmI kFgrs afpxy progrfm aqy jQybMdI dI Èkl bdlf ky iemIiprIilËm ivruwD lokF dy ÌrMt dI amlI Èkl bx skdI hY.” hux kFgrs dI nukqfcInI vDyry AusfrU qy dosqfnf ho geI. lokF dI duÈmxI qy sfmrfj nfÜ iGAu-iKcVI hoeI grdfny jfx dI bjfey hux kFgrs df vDyry sMquilq aqy XQfrQk ivÈlyÈx pyÈ kIqf igaf: “pr ieh mMnxf peygf ik kOmI kFgrs ijs qrHF ik ieh hux hY, kOmI Gol ivwc ihMdI lokF df ajy imlvF ÌrMt nhIN hY. ies dI bxqr qoN ajy jnqf dy bhuq sfry ivÈfl ihwsy bfhr hn. ies df progrfm hflF kOmI Gol dy progrfm ƒ cMgI sÌfeI nfÜ prgt nhIN krdf. ies dI lIzriÈp ƒ hflF kOmI Gol dI lIzriÈp nhIN mMinaf jf skdf. loV ieh hY ik kOmI kFgrs QfxI pRfpq kIqy gey imlfp dy drjy ƒ ivgfVy ibnf ies imlfp ƒ bhuq mokly ÌrMt ivc qkVf krnf qy vDfAuxf aqy iemiprIilËm ivruwD jnqk Gol dI lIzriÈp aqy jQybMdI dy iek nvyN pVfa qk vDfAuxf. “(ikrqI, 27 mfrc 1936). kfÈ! kimAUinstF ny 1929 ivc ies isDfqk smJ qy Aus qoN AuBrI isafsI lfeIn ƒ qlFjlI nf idwqI huMdI! nvIN lfeIn krky hux kFgrs ivc Kwbf DVf ‘smfjvfd df burkf pihinaf hoieaf’ vyKy jfx dI bjfey AuhnF lokF dy gruwpf vjoN vyiKaf jfx lg ipaf jo ies dys ivc sMpUrn afËfdI qy smfjvfd leI sMGrÈ krnf cfhuMdy sn.
pihlF dy aYzItorIal dI apIl ieh huMdI sI: “asIN afpxy ÊrIb ikrqI-iksfnF qy nOjvfnF pfs arË krdy hF ik smyN dI qbdIlI nfÜ keI srmfieaf-prsq kFgrsI quhfzy sfhmxy soÈilËm df burkf pihn ky afAuxgy qy af rhy hn. jy hux vI AuhnF dy jfl ivc afAugy qF aYsy KUh ivc izgogy ijQoN inklxf vI aOKf ho jfvygf.” (ikrqI, 21 jUn, 1931). pr hux apIl ieh ho geI: ‘iemiprIilËm ivruwD lokF dy ÌrMt ƒ aml ivc ilafAux leI ieh jrUrI hY ik kFgrs ivwc Kwby DVy dy qmfm aMÈ iekwTy ho ky iek sFJy plYtÌfrm Auqy lVn.” Kby DVy df Auprlf anumfn hyTly anumfn qoN kohF dUr hY: “iek sÌl lihr dy ÈurU krn jF hox qoN pihlF ieh bhuq ËrUrI hY ik drimafny drjy dy mulfËm gBrUaF, ikrqI iksfnF ƒ kFgrs dy jfl ivcoN kwiZaf jfvy. pr grm-iÉaflI kFgrsIaF df DVf kFgrs dI aslI ÉfsIaq Auqy prdf pfAuNidaF hoieaF rukfvtf bx irhf hY, soN ËrUrI hY ik kFgrs dI ipCFh-iKcU cfl ƒ sfhmxy prgt krn dy nfÜ nfÜ hI Êrm-iÉaflI kFgrsIaF dI ipCFh-iKcU qy DoKybfËI vflI cfl df vI BFzf BMinaf jfvy.” (ikrqI 19 julfeI, 1931).
ieQy sMkIrnqfvfdI isafsq qy XQfrQpwKI isafsq ivc ikMnf Ìrk hY! jd stYNz sMkIrnqfvfdI hovy qF vyly dI pfrtI ivc Kwby-ivMg ƒ vwzy duÈmx dy qOr Auqy vyiKaf jFdf hY. ‘ieh rfh ivcoN hwt jfx qF aslIaq nMgI ho jfvy qy afmo- sfhmxy ho leIey.’ ieMj sfrf Ëor Kwby-ivMg ƒ pihlF rfh ivcoN htfAux Auqy lg jFdf hY. pr jykr isafsq dUsrI prkfr dI hovy qF Kwbf-ivMg ivroDI dy afpxy Gr hI iek aYsI QF ho inbVdf hY, ijQy Aus ƒ inKyVn qy Pyr lMmI pRikRaf ivc hrfAux df ‘lIvr’ lgdf hY.
kimAUinstF anusfr pMjfb ivc jo jQybMdI imlvyN ÌrMt df kMm dy skdI sI Auh sI-pMjfb soÈilst pfrtI! ies pfrtI df muwZ ikvyN bwJf qy ies dy ikMny ku kfrkun sn, ies bfry sfƒ koeI Éfs jfxkfrI nhIN iml skI (koeI pfTk vfkÌI dy sky, qF DMnvfdI hovFgy). sfzy iÉafl ivc ieh nOjvfn Bfrq sBf nfÜ sMbMiDq kuJ lokF ny hI nOjvfn sBf ivc Put pY jfx mgroN 1934 ivc bxfeI sI. ieh lok sn, jo kimAUinstF nfÜ rlx dI bjfey kFgrs df Kwbf-ivMg rihx Aupr hI Ëor idMdy sn. munÈI aihmd dIn aqy mubfrk sfgr ies dy AuGy vrkr sn. mubfrk sfgr myrT qoN inklx vfly ikrqI lihr dy aYzItr vI rhy. pMjfb dy vwÉ vwK BfgF qoN soÈilst 27-28-29 mfrc 1936 ƒ gujrvflf kfnÌrMs ivc iekwTy hoey. munÈI aihmd dIn ny ies kfnÌrMs dI prDfngI kIqI. sovIaq rUs aqy sovIaq cIn dI ihmfieq ivc qkrIrF kIqIaF geIaF. ies iejlfs ivc hyT iliKaF progrfm lokF sfhmxy riKaf igaf:
(1) Bfrq vfsqy mukMml afËfdI aqy nvIN rfj-bxqr ƒ TukrfAuxf (2) qkrIr, ilKx, bolx, jQybMdI, jlsy, hVqfl, ipkitMg qy idKfivaF dI KulH (3) qmfm dbfAU kfƒnF, afrzInYnsF, lybr-ivruwD kfƒnF dI mnsUKI (4) qmfm rfjsI kYdIaF dI irhfeI. (5) AujrqF GtfAux aqy mËdUrF dI brKfmqgI ivruwD, Gt qoN Gwt pwkI Aujrq aqy awTF GMitaF df idn (6) mkfnF dy ikrfieaf ivc 50 ÌI sdI kmI (7) ËmIn df mfmlf ienkm tYks dy afDfr Auqy, krËf AuWkf hI mnsUK, mfmly qy krËy bdly inlfmI AukI bMd. (8) muÌq ividaf (9) bykfrF ƒ Bwqf (10) irafsqI isstm qoN irafsqI prjf df Cutkfrf.
iek pfsy jd pMjfb dy sB soÈilst (kimAUinst) afpxIaF KyrUM ÉyrUM hoeIaF qfkqF ƒ iekwTf kr rhy sn, qF dUsry pfsy srkfr ny coxvyN vrkrF Auqy qÈwdd df dOr hor vI iqwKf kr idwqf. rfmikÈn bI[ ey[ (nYÈnl), bUJf isMG cwk mfeIdfs, icMqf rfm, rfm rwKf mwl nnkfxf, dUlf isMG amrIkn, vfsdyv isMG qy cMnx isMG amrIkn ƒ lfhOr ikly ivc qsIhy idqy jf rhy sn. kimAUinstF dy gupq aÉbfr lfl ZMzory dy sMbMD ivwc QF QF qlfÈIaF leIaF jf rhIaF sn qy ËmfnqF ho rhIaF sn. qyjf isMG suqMqr qy iekbfl isMG ƒ somnfQ lihrI nfÜ 20 jnvrI 1936 ƒ bMbeI qoN igRPqfr kr ilaf igaf sI. hor vI keI isafsI vrkr ijvyN jsvMq isMG kYroN, gurbcn isMG sYNsrF (jfieMt aYzItr, ikrqI), puls dy hwQ lg gey sn. krm isMG DUq pMj sflF qoN, vfsdyv isMG ZfeI sflF qoN, rfm ikÈn bI[ ey[ pOxy do sflF qoN ÈfhI kYdIaF dy qOr Auqy zk ky rKy gey sn.
1933-35 dy dOrfn puls ny mfsko qoN prqy Êdr pfrtI dy awT mYbrF ƒ ieMntYrogyt kIqf. 1935 dy aMq qk srkfr mfsko qoN prqy 15 qoN 20 qk kimAUinstF dI sUh kwZ cukI sI. iehnF ivc gurmuK isMG, iekbfl isMG huMdl, ipRQvI isMG afËd, hrbMs isMG bfsI, cMnx isMG aqy Bgq isMG iblgf dy nF Èfiml hn. zfierYktr ientYlIjYNs ibAUroN, ivlIamsn anusfr mfsko ivc tryinMg lY rhy Êdr pfrtI dy mYNbrF dI 1935 ivc igxqI swT sI. puls dIaF ÌfielF anusfr iehnF ivcoN kuJ ku BfrqI ienklfbI afbfnI mukrjI vFg stflnI aiqafcfr df iÈkfr hoey pr iksy Brosyjog dsqfvyË qoN ibnF ajy ies qwQ ƒ sQfpq nhIN kIqf jf skdf.
1914-15 dy dysBgqF dI kYd dI imafd pUrI ho jfx dy bfvjUd vI AuhnF ƒ irhf-nhIN sI kIqf jf irhf. AuhnF dI irhfeI leI aYjItyÈn krn leI ‘rfjsI kYd CVfAU kmytI’ kfiem kIqI geI. myrT sfijÈ kys dy kYdIaF-sohn isMG joÈ, abdul mjId, kydfr nfQ sihgl dI irhfeI qoN bfad, iehnF ny ‘lybr rIsrc sosfietI’, ‘byryËgfr vrkrË XUnIan’, aqy ‘prYs vrkrË XUnIan’ KVHIaF krn dI koiÈÈ kIqI. sfrI aMdrUnI iKcoqfx Éqm kr ky nvIN jQybMdI ‘aYNtI iemiprIilst lIg’ KVHI krn df jqn vI kIqf igaf. sqMbr 1934 ivc pMjfb ivc hyT ilKIaF jQybMdIaF ƒ ÊYr-kfƒnI krfr dy idqf igaf: (1) aYNtI iemiprIilst lIg, pMjfb, (2) pMjfb pRFiqk nOjvfn Bfrq sBf (3) ikrqI-iksfn pfrtI (4) aMimRqsr iËlHf iksfn sBf (5) pMjfb iksfn lIg. iehnF jQybMdIaF ivc srgrm mYNbrF ny 3mfrc 1935 ƒ aMimRqsr ivc iekwTy ho ky ‘pMjfb iksfn krËf kmytI’ kfiem kIqI qy ies kmytI dy 52 mYNbr cuxy gey. iekwly jlMDr iËlHy ivc krËf kmytI dIaF 60 brFcF kfiem kIqIaF geIaF. jlMDr iËHly dy pfqVF ipMz ivc ‘duafbf ipMz suDfr’ dy nF hyT iek kfnÌrMs vI kIqI geI ijs ivc 4, 000 lokF ny Bfg ilaf. ies vfr krËf Éqm krn aqy mfmlf ienkm tYks dy afDfr Auqy lYx dI mMg rwKI geI. sqMbr 1935 ivc hI ÈhIdgMj dy msly nfÜ sMbMiDq iÌrkU lihrF ny mYdfn grm kr idqf. lfielpur iËlHy ivc kFgrs-pwKI akflIaF aqy sr CotU rfm iËmINdfrf lIg ny srgrmI idKfeI. 1934 qoN bfad Bfv myrT mukwdmy ivcoN irhfeI qoN bfad meI 1936 qk pMjfb dy muwTI Br kimAUinst ‘joÈ gruwp’ aqy ‘ikrqI gruwp’ ivc vMzy rhy. iek pfsy srkfrI qÈwdd, dUsrf lokF qoN dUrI qy qIsrI aMdrUnI Puwt kfrn kimAUinst duÈmx Auqy Gwt pr iek dUsry Auqy iËafdF vrHy. pMjfb dI KwbI lihr ivc gutbMdI dIaF jVHf bhuq zUMGIaF hn.
pr meI 1936 qoN bfad ‘pMjfb kFgrs soÈilst pfrtI’ df plYtÌfrm iml jfx kfrn hux lokF ivc kMm kuJ agy quiraf. 1936 ivc CotIaF CotIaF mIitMgF qoN ibnF iqMn vzIaF qy mhwqvpUrn kfnÌrMsF vI kIqIaF geIaF. ‘srhflI rfjnIqk kfnÌrMs’ , ijs dI prDfngI jvfhr lfl nihrU ny kIqI, ivc 60,000 lokF ny Bfg ilaf. pMjfb ivc Kwbf gruwp pihlI vfr aYny lokF ƒ afpxy vl iKwc sikaf. cImF klF (jlMDr) kfnÌrMs ivc 10,000 lok Èfiml hoey qy srkfr dy iÉlfÌ bhuq DUMaFDfr qkrIrF hoeIaF, ijnHF krky bhuq sfry bulfiraF ƒ sËf hoeI. ‘KMnf rfjsI kfnÌrMs’ (iek qoN iqMn agsq) krn leI bhuq hI aOkVF df sfhmxf krnf ipaf. sQfnk pwDr Auqy srgrm vrkrF ƒ puls ny ihrfsq ivc lY ilaf. lokF ƒ kfnÌrMs ivc Bfg lYx qy hor iksy qrHF dI shfieqf krn Auqy AuhnF ivruD kfrvfeI krn dI DmkI idqI geI. lfgly ipMzF ivc puls ny ÉUb dbdbf ibTfAux df Xqn kIqf. ies dy bfvjUd nihrU dI prDfngI hyT hoeI ies kfnÌrMs ivc hfËfrF lokF ny Bfg ilaf. nihrU ny pMjfb ivc 40 mIitMgF ivc BfÈn idqf qy ikhf ik dys agy aslI msly ÊrIbI, byruËgfrI aqy afËfdI hn. nihrU dy afAux nfÜ Kwby-pwKI srgrmIaF ƒ AuBfr imldf qy afËfdI cfhux vfilaF dIaF nËrF AuhnF vl muVdIaF. nihrU dIaF qkrIrF df iËkr kridaF prFiqk puls ny kyNdr ƒ afpxI rIport ivc iliKaf: “sUby dy Auhdy dOry bycYnI pYdf krdy hn, iÈkfieqF nfvfjb qOr Auqy AuBfrdy hn aqy qoVPoV krn vflIaF jQybMdIaF ƒ afpxI ieÈiqhfrbfËI krn df qy afpxf isDFq agy vDfAux df Èfndfr mOkf mOkf idMdy hn. …smfjvfdI Jukfa vfly iek ivakqI vjoN Auhdf mMqv ieh jfpdf hY ik iek aijhI smUhk lihr leI ËmIn iqafr kIqI jfvy jo smfjvfdI jF kimAUinst rfj dI kfiemI leI afrMBk gwl bx sky.”
sfJF ÌrMt bxn nfÜ hflfq kMm krn dy qF sfËgr ho gey pr Kwby-pwKIaF ivc gutbMdI (joÈ gruwp-ikrqI gruwp) ajy vI kfiem rhI, hflFik dohF gruwpF ivc koeI vI isDFqk mwqByd nhIN sI. jykr iek gruwp Ausy lfeIn ƒ BfrqI kimAUinstF dI kyNdrI kmytI qoN lYNdf sI qF dUsrf briln sYNtr (BfeI rqn isMG) rfhIN qIjI kOmFqrI qoN. pr 1936 qoN bfad pMjfb ivc kimAUinst srgrmIaF aqy kOmI kFgrs dIaF srgrmIaF iek-imwk ho geIaF. jykr koeI Ìrk sI qF Auh sI isrÌ imlItYNt qy grm grm qkrIrF df. Kwby kFgrsIaF, imlItYNt akflIaF qy joÈ gruwp dI kFgrs dy Kwby-ivMg vjoN eykqf kfiem krn leI pMjfb ivc iksfn lihr ƒ jQybMdk rUp dyx df muwZ bwiJaf. — cldf